Is this the future of architecture? The SAPHIR project in St. Gallen

3D printing is making inroads into architecture – faster, more sustainable, and more efficient. Is this the future of construction?

3D printing is revolutionising architecture and construction, opening up new possibilities in terms of design, efficiency, and sustainability. The layered construction of concrete allows for complex shapes, shortens construction times, and makes more targeted use of resources. Whether this type of technology will fundamentally change the industry remains to be seen. Kobelt AG is testing the potential of 3D printing with the ​‘SAPHIR’ project. As the first 3D-printed concrete building in Switzerland, the sampling centre in Marbach, St. Gallen combines state-of-the-art technology with sustainable construction. In so doing, the company is sending a strong signal regarding the innovative strength of the Swiss construction industry.

SAPHIR – from vision to concept

In January 2023, the Board of Directors of Kobelt AG initiated an internal architectural competition to design a new sampling centre – the first building in Switzerland to be realised using 3D concrete printing. Within twelve working days, eight architects from Kobelthaus developed innovative designs, which were presented to the Board of Directors and representatives of Holcim AG in February 2023. After intensive discussion, the choice fell on the ​‘SAPHIR’ project, designed by architect René Baumgartner, which impressed with its clear design language and technical feasibility.

The design captivates with its strong contrast between the robust, 3D-printed concrete walls and the filigree wood-steel construction of the wing-shaped roof. The fan-like arrangement of the steel columns gives the building an elegant lightness, while the striking geometry of the concrete plot underlines its innovative construction. As an eye-catching feature on the company premises, the sampling centre not only showcases the architectural expertise of Kobelt AG, but also its passion for sustainable construction methods.

The technology

The technical realisation is based on 3D concrete printing technology. A specially developed concrete mix was applied in layers without the need for conventional formwork. This process allows for an extraordinary freedom of form and precise implementation of complex geometries, as evidenced in the ​‘SAPHIR’ project. The method also offers significant advantages: the targeted use of materials conserves resources and drastically reduces construction time. The building, with a floor space of 150 m², was completed in a printing time of just 55 hours.

Holcim AG was a key partner, contributing its expertise in sustainable building materials. The concrete mix used is characterised by increased strength and a reduced cement content, which significantly improves the project’s environmental performance. In addition, the main components of the concrete – sand and gravel – come from regional sources, which further minimises the ecological footprint.

Functionality meets aesthetics

The project presented the contractors with the challenge of adapting traditional construction processes to the new technology. For example, the static requirements for the non-load-bearing printed walls had to be carefully defined and a special concrete mix developed that is both pumpable and fast-curing. This pioneering work required close collaboration between architects, engineers, and materials scientists to ensure the feasibility and durability of the building.

The result of these efforts is evident not only in the external architecture, but also in the well-thought-out interior design. The minimalist design creates an inspiring atmosphere in which customers can concentrate on their individual projects. Various areas, such as a children’s corner, a coffee kitchen, and a separate meeting room, which can be reached via an elegant, rounded staircase in the gallery, offer functionality and comfort. The choice of materials is deliberately conservative: a seamless floor covering and interior fittings in an oak finish harmonise with the striking concrete structures and underline the modern aesthetic of the building.

R‑evolution in construction?

SAPHIR is not only a milestone in sustainable construction, but also a symbol of progress in design and technology. As the first 3D-printed concrete building in Switzerland, it sets new standards and inspires the industry to rethink traditional construction methods. The sampling centre is therefore much more than a functional building – it is a flagship project that shows what the future of construction could look like: innovative, sustainable, and visionary.

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